Certified Travel Counselor (CTC) Practice Exam

Which antihypertensive medication decreases heart rate and cardiac output?

1. Diuretic

2. Alpha blocker

3. Beta blocker

4. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

The correct answer is: Beta blocker

Beta blockers are antihypertensive medications that work by blocking the effects of adrenaline (epinephrine) on beta receptors in the heart. This action leads to a decrease in heart rate and a reduction in the force of each heart contraction, which collectively lowers cardiac output. By decreasing heart rate, beta blockers help the heart to work more efficiently and reduce the workload on the heart, which is beneficial for individuals with hypertension. Other classes of medications listed, such as diuretics, alpha blockers, and ACE inhibitors, do have roles in managing high blood pressure, but they do not primarily operate by decreasing heart rate and cardiac output. Diuretics help eliminate excess fluid, alpha blockers primarily work by relaxing blood vessels, and ACE inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to enhanced vasodilation. While these medications may contribute to lowering blood pressure, they do not directly impact heart rate in the same significant manner as beta blockers do.